Writing a Request For Proposal For Web Site Design and Development

A company that is looking to get bids from several qualified vendors for a Web site design or development project will typically write a Request for Proposal (RFP) and either post it online or send it directly to potential vendors it has identified.

As with any complex project, a Web site design project requires clear communication between the client and web developer in order for the client to receive accurate bids. The RFP serves as a baseline of project requirements on which competing vendors may price their services. I have outlined a few items below that should typically be in a Website Design and Development Request for Proposal, though some times more information is necessary.

Writing your Request for Proposal

Writing a Request For Proposal For Web Site Design and Development

The Request for Proposal (RFP) process allows potential vendors to get an idea of your goals, existing challenges and possible limitations without lengthy phone discussions or in-person meetings that can severely impact the amount of time it takes for you to get started with your Web Design and Development project. It allows you to succinctly describe exactly what you are looking for and what a potential vendor should expect in the project.

An ideal RFP would clearly specify all the requirements pertaining to your website. It would allow the developer to present you with a proposal based your particular needs and, needless to say, the more details your RFP contains, the more accurate a proposal the developer is able to present.

Components of a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a Web site Design and Development Project:

Project Background Information

Brief overview of your organization, including some history and your primary business objectives. Detailed description of the project you would like to receive the proposal for. If your budget requirements are strict, it might help to include a 'Ballpark' Budget - which developers can use to scope and scale your solution and save you time. Target launch date and required deliverable dates - include any dates that you need the project to meet. Are there crucial meetings and cut-off dates that the developer should be aware of? If you are not sure what the time frame should be, it's okay to see what the proposals you receive recommend and renegotiate. It's also good to anticipate and state how flexible you are with the project's completion date.

Marketing Requirements and Data

Audience demographics - who will be the main users of your site? Are there several different audiences that need to be addressed? User comfort level with technology -  how technically savvy is your audience? Will they know how to deal with plug-ins, for example? Will users have high-speed connections, or will many be on modems? Audience base -  how large do you expect your user base to be?

Design and Corporate Branding Requirements

Do you have corporate identity guidelines that must be followed, including fonts and colors and graphic treatments? What look and feel to you envision for the Web site? Include some adjectives to describe what your site should communicate. Provide examples of Web sites that relate to the RFP either because they have a similar feel to the one your are looking for, or even examples of what you do NOT want. Will there be any animated elements (i.e. Flash animations)? How many? How are they going to be used?

Technical and Infrastructure Requirements

Web hosting considerations. Do you currently have a Web host or are you looking for a new one to handle this project? Browser/platform considerations. Generally speaking, a Web site for consumers or the general public should work similarly across all modern browsers and Operating Systems. If you are targeting a very specific audience it is possible your needs are different. Development platform requirements. Do you require an Open Source solution, are you open to a proprietary solution that is more tailored to your exact needs, etc. Coding language requirements (e.g. ASP.NET, PHP, Java). Many times this depends on the type of Web hosting platform or any pre-existing software you may have. Are there third party applications you'd like to incorporate?

Functionality/programming Requirements

Will there be forms on the site? If so, how many? How should they be handled? (e.g. e-mailed to recipients, stored in a database, etc.) Will the site require tools to manage content/information (e.g. ability for staff to add content such as press releases or quarterly reports)? Will there be any e-commerce on the site? If so, who will be entering data on products offered? How will transactions be managed? Are there any other interactive features the site should have? What are they, and how do you envision them to work?

Search Engine Optimization

Describe any currently defined search engine friendly production requirements and expectations Indicate if you are seeking SEO/SEM consultation services

Ongoing Site Maintenance Plans

How often will the site be updated? Are you looking for a retainer situation, or 'on-demand' hourly work? Will you be self-maintaining or will you be outsourcing maintenance services?

Project Management

Who will be the main point of contact on your staff? Keep in mind that in most cases it is easiest to have a single point of contact at both your organization and the company designing and developing your Web site. How will the tasks be divided between you and the developer in order to complete the project? Are there any third parties (subcontractors, etc.) that will also be involved in the project?

RFP Response Deadline and Contact Information

When is the response to the RFP due? To whom should the response be sent? Do you prefer E-mail or hard copies, and if so, how many hard copies? Is there a specific solicitation number that needs to be referenced in the Proposal Document? What is the RFP review process? How long do you anticipate to take to make your decision before the project can begin?

Some Additional Thoughts Before You Begin:

For all items listed above, be sure to clearly indicate if you must have any item(s) bid as an optional aspect of the project. Keep in mind possible dependencies between project aspect/components that may make this impractical. Before writing your Request For Proposal, determine your budget for the project and, beyond that, your priorities for selecting a Developer who can meet your budgetary requirements.

Writing an RFP is a good exercise for anyone thinking about a site design or redesign as it takes thoughtful planning to specify and construct a website. A well thought out, quality RFP is essential to a successful endeavor because it helps you to focus on your goals and exactly how to achieve them.

Best of luck with your Web site Design and Development Project.

Writing a Request For Proposal For Web Site Design and Development
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Greg Kihlstrom is the Creative Director at Carousel30 Interactive Media, Washington DC. His company designs and develops Web sites and other Interactive Media such as iPhone applications and more.

Greg also writes about Web site Design issues on his blog entitled "Design in Context."

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The Top 3 Problems With Plasma TVs

It's easy to be instantly drawn to a plasma TV screen, especially one that is displaying full HDTV programming. The visual beauty is amazing. And plasma TVs tend to be among the lower cost thin screen technologies that are available today. But there are a few problems inherent to the design and you should at least be aware of them before making a buying decision.

The first is that plasma TVs use inert gases that are illuminated to display colors on the screen. The way that this is accomplished makes for very high contrast, vivid images on the screen, but it also can be affected by high altitudes. If you live above 6,000 - 7,000 feet above sea level, you should know that plasma TVs have to work much harder to produce the same image than they would at lower altitudes. This may not cause an immediate problem, but over time the monitor wears out much faster due to the extra work load. So if you happen to live in high altitudes, just bear this in mind when buying a plasma TV.

The second problem that plasma TVs can exhibit is a susceptibility to screen burn-in. This happens whenever any static image stays on the screen for a very long time and is still faintly visible even when the image changes. It is said to have been "burned-in" to the screen, and can be very irritating to see a ghost pattern still visible as you watch TV. The easy way to avoid this problem with older plasma screens is to make sure that you don't leave the TV on when you are not watching it, and especially when pausing a video game for a very long time. Thankfully though, newer plasma screen TVs have technology built in to address this problem that subtly shifts the image to surrounding pixels as you watch and essentially keeps the image moving although your eye does not detect it.

The Top 3 Problems With Plasma TVs

The third plasma TV problem that we will discuss is the heat it generates as it runs. Plasma screens often cause so much heat inside the unit that manufacturers usually install a fan to cool it down while operating. This actually works very well, but on some models the noise that the fan makes can become an annoyance. So listen for this problem carefully before you buy.

None of these problems are major enough to say that you shouldn't buy a plasma screen TV, but they should be understood beforehand so you can use the equipment properly, and choose the right plasma TV when you buy.

The Top 3 Problems With Plasma TVs
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Dialysis - Side Effects and Dangers

Dialysis, which is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function is a life saving treatment for those with end stage renal failure.

However in both forms of Dialysis Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis the patient may experience certain side effects from the treatment.

Side Effects Of Peritoneal Dialysis:

Dialysis - Side Effects and Dangers

In Peritoneal Dialysis a Catheter is inserted into the patient's abdomen running from the peritoneum to the surface. The exchange of Dialysis fluid must be done carefully to avoid the spread of an infection. The frequent handling of the catheter and access to the peritoneum results in an increased risk of infection. Infections that reach the peritoneum can be more serious and in some cases severe infections of the peritoneum can be life threatening.

Peritoneal Dialysis in the long term can cause changes in the peritoneal membrance thus causing it to no longer act as a dialysis membrane as well as it used to.

Hernia is another problem that can occur due to the fluid load in the abdominal cavity. The insertion of the catheter into the abdominal cavity can also weaken the abdominal walls.

Side Effects Of HemoDialysis:

As most patients with renal failure pass little (or) no urine, HemoDialysis often involves fluid removal. If too much fluid is removed it can lead to side effects such as low blood pressure, fatigue, chest pain, leg cramps and nausea.

As Hemodialysis requires access to the circulatory system, patients may expose their circulatory system to microbes which may lead to an infection of the heart valves(endocarditis) or it can even affect the bones(osteomyelitis).

First use Syndrome is a very rare but severe reaction to the artificial kidney. Symptoms include sneezing, wheezing, shortness of breath, back pain, chest pain (or) sudden death.

Dialysis - Side Effects and Dangers
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Ryan is also the author of the website staphinfections.info which provides information on staph infection types and about staph infection symptoms to be observed.

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Dish Network Satellite TV Programming Guide

DISH Network currently offers five programming packages:

DishFAMILY

The DishFAMILY programming package is DISH Network's lowest priced package. This family-oriented package is .95 per month for 40 channels. Some of the channels in this package are:

Dish Network Satellite TV Programming Guide

Animal Planet, Biography Channel, Bloomberg Television, Boomerang, CNN Headline News, Discovery Kids, DIY, Food Network, FOX News Channel, Hallmark, Nickelodeon, Shop at Home, TBN, The Outdoor Channel, The Science Channel, and The Weather Channel.

America's Top 60

The America's Top 60 programming package is DISH Network's entry-level variety package. This package is .99 per month for 75 channels. Some of the channels included are:

ABC Family, Arts & Entertainment, CNN, Cartoon Network, CNBC, Comedy Central, Country Music Television, Court TV, Discovery Channel, Disney Channel, E! Entertainment Television, ESPN, Food Network, Healthy Living Channel, The History Channel, Holistic Television Network, Home & Garden Television, The Home Shopping Network, The Learning Channel, Lifetime, Men's Channel, MTV, Nickelodeon, QVC Shopping Network, The Sci-Fi Channel, The Travel Channel, TBS, and TV Games Network.

America's Top 120

The America's Top 120 package is DISH Network's most popular package. This package is *.99 per month for 230 channels, and includes all of the America's Top 60 channels plus:

AMC, Animal Planet, BBC America, Black Entertainment Television, Bravo, College Sports Television, Discovery Health, ESPN, FOX News Channel, FOX Sports
Galavison, Game Show Network, Independent Film Channel, MSNBC, NFL Network, Soap Net, The Speed Channel, Sports Alternate, Sports, Telefutura,
Disney, Turner Classic Movies, Women's Entertainment, WGN Superstation, plus 60 Sirius satellite radio channels.

* Note: This DISH Network programming package is .99 for the first ten months, then .99 thereafter.

America's Top 180

The America's Top 180 package is .99 per month for 318 channels, and includes all the America's Top 120 channels plus:

Biography, Bloomberg Television, Boomerang, CNBC World, Discovery Health, Discovery Home, Discovery Kids, Discovery Times Channel, Dish Music - 50's & 60's Hits, Dish Music - 70's, Hits, Dish Music - 80's Hits, Dish Music- All That Jazz, Dish Music - Beach, Party, Dish Music - Classic Soul, Dish Music - Country Music One, Encore, Fine Living, FOX Movie Channel, FOX Reality TV, The Golf Channel, GOL TV, Lifetime Movie Network, The Movie Channel, National Geographic Channel, The Outdoor Channel, VH1, Wisdom Television.

America's Everything Pak

The America's Everything Pak is DISH Network's top-of-the-line package. This package is .99 per month for 350 channels, and includes all the channels in the America's Top 180 package plus 31 movie channels from Showtime, Starz!, HBO and Cinemax. You also receive DISH Network HD (high definition) programming.

Additional Dish Network Satellite TV Programming

In addition to the above packages, DISH Network also offers HBO, Cinemax, Showtime, and Starz movie channel packages, plus sports packages, international channels, adult channels, HD TV programming channels, and more than 1,600 pay-per-view programs per month.

Local channels are per month.

Note: For up-to-date DISH Network information click on the links below.

Visit http://www.thesatellitetvguide.com to see all the current DISH Network channels, or click on the following link to get ordering information and the latest special offers from DISH Network.

Dish Network Satellite TV Programming Guide
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The author, Brian Stevens, is the senior editor for TheSatelliteTVGuide.com and has written extensively on DISH Network and satellite TV programming guides.

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No Cost Work at Home - Find Legitimate Jobs Online Today

Are you searching for no cost, work at home opportunities? Believe it or not, these opportunities definitely exist and can make you a fortune! There are actually opportunities out there that can literally make you a fortune for low or no cost.

We are going to go over some of these opportunities that can have you seeing that dream online income!

Paid Surveys - There are free paid survey opportunities out there. All you have to do is make sure you find the right website that will give you legitimate opportunity. That means going to the right survey websites, etc. Many people believe that paid surveys that are free can not be scams, but this is far from true.

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There are even free paid survey sites, that come off as professional but only meant to waste your time, and spam your e-mail inbox with spam mail and advertisements.

Freelance Opportunities - Freelance opportunities are some of the best opportunities on the internet. Whether you have programming skills, writing skills, marketing, or any other skill under the sun, you can ultimately ensure that you can utilize people searching for your talents and capitalize on them!

Legit Online Jobs - Legit online jobs is a program that is designed to earn you a great deal of money. You'll ultimately have the ability to save tons of cash by buying scams which makes it worth it alone. Legit online jobs is simply a program that is designed to connect you with other product vendors and companies and give direct connections to them. You will simply put up advertisements for the company and earn commissions. All this money is made on autopilot.

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UHF Versus VHF - Which Two-Way Radio Frequency is Better?

There are two major formats for two-way radios. They are Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio and Very High Frequency (VHF) radio. Neither frequency band is inherently better than the other. They each have their pluses and minuses. Both formats are effective ways to communicate with another person. But how do you decide which one will fit your needs? Let's go over the key components of both frequencies to help you decide.

Two-way radios communicate with each other through use of radio waves. Radio waves have different frequencies, and by tuning a radio receiver to a specific frequency you can pick up a specific signal.

Radio waves are transmitted as a series of cycles, one after the other. You will always see the "Hz" abbreviation used to indicate the frequency of a radio. Hertz is equal to one cycle per second.

UHF Versus VHF - Which Two-Way Radio Frequency is Better?

Radio waves are measured by kilohertz (kHz), which is equal to 1000 cycles per second, or megahertz (MHz), which is equal to 1,000,000 cycles per second--or 1000 kHz. The relationship between these units is like this: 1,000,000 Hertz = 1000 kilohertz = 1 megahertz.

You may also hear the term "wavelength" when you hear about radio waves. This term is from the early days of radio when frequencies were measured in terms of the distance between the peaks of two consecutive cycles of a radio wave instead of the number of cycles per second. Lower frequencies produce a longer wavelength.

While wavelength measures distance between the peaks of cycles, frequency refers to how long the measured time is between the "crest" and "trough" of a wave arriving at the source. So frequency measures time instead of distance, but they are essentially both saying the same thing.

What is significant about wavelength for two-way radios is that it affects transmission range under certain conditions. A longer wavelength as a general rule lets a radio signal travel a greater distance.

Lower frequencies or wavelengths have greater penetrating power. That's one of the reasons they are used for communicating with submarines. VLF radio waves (3-30 kHz) can penetrate sea water to a depth of approximately 20 meters. So a submarine at shallow depth can use these frequencies.

So from what you read above you may think VHF is always the better choice for a two-way radio no matter where you are using it. That's not necessarily true. Even though VHF has better penetrating capabilities, that doesn't necessarily make it the better choice for buildings. Remember the conversation about wavelength above? Wavelength has a big impact on transmission.

To explain this let's assume we are communicating from one side of a commercial building to the other. In between these two points is a metal wall with a three foot door in it. Metal is an enemy to radio waves and they typically don't pass through it.

For our example let's assume that the UHF wavelength the radio uses is about a foot and a half long and a similar VHF radio is around five feet long. These are in the ballpark of their normal wavelengths.

When the UHF transmits its signal the foot and a half long wave will pass through the door since the door is wider than the wavelength. The VHF signal will be totally reflected since it is wider than the opening to the door.

Your microwave oven is an example of this. The glass front door has a metal mesh with very small holes. Microwaves being a very high frequency have wavelengths that are only several inches long. The mesh keeps the microwaves trapped in the oven but it allows you to see inside because light waves have a microscopic wavelength.

Just imagine walking through the building carrying a five foot wide pole. You will encounter the same challenges a VHF signal encounters. Now imagine walking through the building with a pole that's only a foot and a half wide like a UHF wave. There are lots fewer doorways you couldn't get through.

The one difference is that wireless signals will penetrate through drywall, masonry, human bodies, furniture, wall paneling, and other solid objects. All these objects will reduce the signal strength though. The more dense the object, the more it reduces the signal. VHF will penetrate these obstacles better than UHF, but that doesn't necessarily mean that VHF is better for indoor applications as we will talk about in the UHF section below.

In our example above we assumed you had a metal wall with an opening. If you reverse this and you have a three foot metal object in front of the transmitting radio, then VHF would win. Since the object is three foot wide it will totally block the UHF signal whereas the VHF signal will get around it. Lower frequencies such as VHF diffract around large smooth obstacles more easily, and they also travel more easily through brick and stone.

For most applications, lower radio frequencies are better for longer range. A broadcasting TV station illustrates this. A typical VHF station operates at about 100,000 watts and has a coverage radius range of about 60 miles. A UHF station with a 60-mile coverage radius requires transmitting at 3,000,000 watts.

So there is no clear choice for which is better, VHF or UHF. There is a lot of "black magic" to radio technology so it's not always easy to tell which will work better for your application. To help you decide on the best technology for you, more detail about each one is included below.

UHF Radio

UHF equipment operates between the frequencies of 300 MHz and 3000 MHz. Until recently, it wasn't widely used. Now, the UHF radio frequency is used for GPS, Bluetooth, cordless phones, and WiFi.

There are more available channels with UHF so in more populated areas UHF may be less likely to have interference from other systems. If you are in an area where population is thin, VHF should work fine for you. Not too long ago the FCC also opened up a new VHF frequency called MURS that is so far not heavily used in most areas. There's more about MURS below in the VHF section. If you are in an area where interference from other radios may be an issue, UHF transmitters and receivers could be your best choice unless you use a MURS VHF radio. UHF is better at squeezing through physical barriers like walls, buildings, and rugged landscape. Anything that obstructs a radio wave, will weaken a radio signal. UHF lessens that effect. Though it may not travel as far, UHF radio waves will traverse around obstacles better than VHF.

To highlight the differences in indoor range, below is an excerpt from a brochure of a leading two-way radio maker on the predicted range of one of their lines of handheld VHF and UHF two-way radios:

"Coverage estimates: At full power, line-of-sight, no obstructions the range is approximately 4+ miles. Indoor coverage at VHF is approximately 270,000 sq ft and 300,000 sq ft at UHF. Expect about 20 floors vertical coverage at VHF and up to 30 floors at UHF. Note: Range and coverage are estimates and are not guaranteed."

VHF waves are not very good at finding their way around walls, buildings and rugged landscape. Therefore range will be significantly reduced for VHF radios in these environments. That may not necessarily be a problem if the range needed is only a few hundred feet. You can also add an external antenna to an indoor VHF base station that will reduce or eliminate this problem.

One of the downsides to UHF is that the FCC requires you to get a license to operate in these frequencies. Although many frequencies in the VHF business band also require a license. If you choose a radio in the VHF MURS frequencies you can operate it without a license. UHF equipment is usually more expensive. The components need to be finely tuned and are more expensive to construct. This does not mean it's necessarily better, just more expensive.

One advantage of UHF transmission is the physically short wave that is produced by the high frequency. That means the antenna on the radio can be shorter than an equivalent VHF radio.

VHF Radio

VHF equipment operates between the frequencies of 30 MHz and 300 MHz. FM radio, two-way radios, and television broadcasts operate in this range.

Both UHF and VHF radios are prone to line of sight factors, but VHF a little more so. The waves make it through trees and rugged landscapes, but not as well as UHF frequencies do. However, if a VHF wave and a UHF wave were transmitted over an area without barriers, the VHF wave would travel almost twice as far. This makes VHF easier to broadcast over a long range. If you are working mostly outdoors, a VHF radio is probably the best choice, especially if you are using a base station radio indoors and you add the external antenna.

Since VHF has been around longer and isn't as complicated to make, equipment is usually cheaper when compared to similar UHF equipment. One disadvantage to this equipment can be its size. Since the frequency waves are bigger, an antenna must be bigger.

VHF radios also have a smaller number of available frequencies. Interference with other radios could be more likely to be a problem. However, the FCC recently made this less of a problem when they opened up the MURS frequencies. The 150 MHz frequency is a Citizens Band radio spectrum that is called the MURS service. MURS stands for Multi-Use Radio Service. This service is for use in the United States and Canada. It is a low power, short range service in the VHF 150 MHz Citizens Band radio spectrum. There are 5 channels in the MURS frequencies with 38 privacy codes under each one that enable you to only pick up conversations on your code. The FCC does not require users of products for MURS to be licensed.

With MURS you can add a larger or external antenna to improve range. If you want to put an antenna on top of your house or business, you can do it with MURS. Some antenna manufacturers claim an external antenna can increase the effective radiated power of a transmitter by a factor of 4. These MURS intercoms can transmit up to four miles, and perhaps more with an external antenna depending on the terrain.

One benefit of VHF wireless radios is that battery life is almost always better than for similar UHF units. For handheld radios this is a plus.

VHF equipment is usually lower cost for those on a budget. Equipment can be more economical than similar UHF products.

In summary, if you are planning on using your two-way radios mainly inside buildings, then UHF is likely the best solution for you. If you are mainly using your two-way radios for communication outside, then VHF would be a good choice. Either radio technology can work for you if you don't really have a long range to cover. In that case you may want to choose VHF for it's lower cost.

UHF Versus VHF - Which Two-Way Radio Frequency is Better?
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David Onslow is the marketing director at IntercomsOnline.com, which specializes in selling two-way radio and intercom systems for business use. To see a related video to this article, click here: Two-Way Radio Range.

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Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages

Functional programming languages (FPL) are computer languages designed based on mathematics - lambda calculus, to be exact. These languages are used to develop programs that are executed by evaluating expressions as opposed to being composed of statements which change when executed, which would be considered imperative programming. There are many new programming languages that have been developed over the years. Two popular and widely used examples of such programming languages are Haskell and Ruby on Rails (also known as simply "Ruby").

Haskell is an open source platform that has been developed over the last twenty years by an active community of researchers, programmers and debuggers. It's considered one of the leading languages available today and is used to create highly flexible, easy to maintain software. Haskell Brooks Curry, who the language is named for, was a mathematician whose work in mathematical logic serves as a foundation for FPLs today. The first version of Haskell was released in 1990. Haskell is considered one of the "purest" forms of functional programming because it relies so heavily on the "function" and mathematics that it is based on.

Ruby, created by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in the mid-1990's, is another example. Ruby supports multiple programming styles, including both functional and imperative as discussed above.

Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages

Programmers use functional programming languages such as Ruby to develop anything from small applications used only within their companies to large open-source programs used around the world. Because of its flexibility, there are many "off shoots" of the Ruby programming language, including the popular application framework called "Ruby on Rails." The Ruby on Rails website states that tens of thousands of "Rails applications" have been developed to date including well known applications such as Twitter, Groupon and Shopify.

Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages
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P.A. Jacobo is a blogger, ghostwriter and virtual assistant. Check out her blog at http://adventuresinthevirtualworld.wordpress.com.

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