The Different Types of Programming Languages - Learn the Basics

The progression of computer programming languages was made possible by the programmer's search for efficient translation of human language into something that can be read and understood by computers. The languages generated, called machine code, have high levels of abstraction, which hide the computer hardware and make use of representations that are more convenient to programmers.

As programs evolve and become more sophisticated, programmers found out that certain types of computer languages are easier to support. As expected in a dynamic discipline, there is no standard for categorizing the languages used in programming. There are, in fact, dozens of categories. One of the most basic ways to categorize the languages is through a programming paradigm, which gives the programmer's view of code execution. Among the languages classifications according to programming paradigm are:

o Object-Oriented Programming Languages
Known as the newest and most powerful paradigms, object-oriented programming requires the designer to specify the data structures as well as the types of operations to be applied on those data structures. The pairing of data, and the operations that can be done on it is called an object. A program made using this language is therefore made up of a set of cooperating objects instead of an instructions list.

The Different Types of Programming Languages - Learn the Basics

The most famous object-oriented programming these days are C#, C , Visual Basic, Java, and Python.

o Structured Programming Languages

An exceptional type of procedural programming, structured programming provides programmers with additional tools to handle the problems created by larger programs. When using this language, programmers are required to cut program structure into small pieces of code that can easily be understood. Instead of using global variables, it employs variables that are local to every subroutine. Among the popular features of structured programming is that it doesn't accept GOTO statement which is usually associated with the top-down approach. Such approach starts with an opening overview of the system with minimal details about the various parts. To add these details, design iterations are then included to complete the design.

Commonly used structured languages include C, Pascal, and ADA.

o Procedural Programming Languages

Procedural Programming involves a list of operations the program needs to complete to be able to attain the preferred state. It is a simple programming paradigm where every program comes with a starting phase, a list of tasks and operations, and an ending stage. Also called imperative programming, this approach comes with small sections of code that perform certain functions. These sections are made up of procedures, subroutines, or methods. A procedure is made up of a list of computations that should be done. Procedural programming lets a part of the code to be used again without the need to make several copies. It achieves this by dividing programmatic tasks into small sections. Because of this, programmers are also capable of maintaining and understanding program structure.

Among the known procedural languages are BASIC and FORTRAN.

These are the different types of computer programming languages that you can consider when planning to make a computer program. Procedural programming splits the program's source code into smaller fragments. Structured languages require more constraints in the flow and organization of programs. And object-oriented programs arrange codes and data structures into objects.

The Different Types of Programming Languages - Learn the Basics
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Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages

Functional programming languages (FPL) are computer languages designed based on mathematics - lambda calculus, to be exact. These languages are used to develop programs that are executed by evaluating expressions as opposed to being composed of statements which change when executed, which would be considered imperative programming. There are many new programming languages that have been developed over the years. Two popular and widely used examples of such programming languages are Haskell and Ruby on Rails (also known as simply "Ruby").

Haskell is an open source platform that has been developed over the last twenty years by an active community of researchers, programmers and debuggers. It's considered one of the leading languages available today and is used to create highly flexible, easy to maintain software. Haskell Brooks Curry, who the language is named for, was a mathematician whose work in mathematical logic serves as a foundation for FPLs today. The first version of Haskell was released in 1990. Haskell is considered one of the "purest" forms of functional programming because it relies so heavily on the "function" and mathematics that it is based on.

Ruby, created by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in the mid-1990's, is another example. Ruby supports multiple programming styles, including both functional and imperative as discussed above.

Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages

Programmers use functional programming languages such as Ruby to develop anything from small applications used only within their companies to large open-source programs used around the world. Because of its flexibility, there are many "off shoots" of the Ruby programming language, including the popular application framework called "Ruby on Rails." The Ruby on Rails website states that tens of thousands of "Rails applications" have been developed to date including well known applications such as Twitter, Groupon and Shopify.

Haskell and Ruby: Functional Programming Languages
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P.A. Jacobo is a blogger, ghostwriter and virtual assistant. Check out her blog at http://adventuresinthevirtualworld.wordpress.com.

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